Root Canal

What are they?

Teeth are held in the jaws by their roots. Front teeth normally have one root, but teeth further back have more. At the core of each tooth is a soft mass of tissue called the pulp. In a healthy tooth, the pulp contains living fibres, cells, nerves and a blood supply, extending into the root(s) through the root canal(s).

Decay or injury can destroy the living pulp. Because dead pulp lacks a blood supply, it is more prone to infection, leading to an abscess and toothache. Root canal treatment (also known as root filling or endodontics) means removing the damaged or dead pulp and filling the space left. The remaining tooth can then be repaired.

What will my dentist do?

  • An X-Ray can show the number and shape of the root canals, and also signs of infection in the surrounding bone. Teeth can have a number of roots and some roots are easier to fill that others, because of their shape.
  • To keep root canals dry during treatment the dentist may stretch a sheet of thin rubber around the tooth, on a frame outside the mouth; this is called a ‘rubber dam’. Having this fitted makes the treatment more comfortable.
  • You will be given a local anaesthetic, and then an opening is made through the top of the tooth, down to the pulp.
  • The dentist then uses narrow files to remove the dead pulp from the core of the tooth and from the root canal(s).
  • At this point, the dentist may put in a temporary filling. Occasionally, infection may spread beyond the tooth and you will need to contact your dentist, who will review the situation, especially if you have a raised temperature and feel unwell. The dentist will guide you through this stage, and once symptoms have settled, the treatment will be continued.
  • In the next stage, the dentist fills the root canal(s). A filling is then placed in the remaining cavity in the top of the tooth. If necessary, a crown can be placed on top of the tooth, supported by a post placed inside the filled root canal.
  • If you have pain during treatment, this can be controlled using analgesics.
  • Root filled teeth can become darker than other teeth, but bleaching them can be used to make them look lighter.

What are the benefits?

  • Pulp damage can cause toothache but the pain will usually end very quickly when the tooth canal is cleaned out.
  • Without a root filling, a tooth with a dead pulp would probably have to be taken out in the end. There is also a possibility of infection spreading beyond the tooth itself.
  • Root-fillings are usually successful and can last many years, but re-treatment is also possible if infection recurs. Occasionally, if inflammation persists at the tip of the root, surgery can be carried out to remove part of the root, clean the area and put in a filling. This is known as an ‘apicectomy’.
  • A proportion of root canal treatments fail despite the clinicians best efforts. In these circumstances a discussion with your dentist will indicated options for the future.